Essential Garlic Care: From Planting to Harvest

Growing garlic successfully requires attention throughout its life cycle. From fall planting to summer harvest, proper care ensures large, healthy, flavorful bulbs. With over 30 years of experience growing garlic in California’s Central Valley and Sonoma Valley, I’ve distilled the most important steps to guarantee a successful crop.

Table of Contents

Garlic Care Overview

Key aspects of garlic care include:

Planting: Choose healthy cloves, proper spacing, and fertile, well-drained soil.
Watering: Keep soil evenly moist, especially during bulb formation.
Feeding: Provide nutrients at planting, early growth, and mid-season for strong leaves and large bulbs.
Pest & Disease Management: Monitor for thrips, white rot, and fungal issues.
Mulching: Protects soil, retains moisture, and suppresses weeds.
Harvest & Curing: Harvest when leaves yellow, cure in a ventilated area for proper storage.

Garlic Care Chart: Step-by-Step Guide

Growth Stage	Timing	Care Tasks	Notes / Tips
Planting	Fall (4–6 weeks before frost)	Select healthy cloves, plant 2” deep, 4–6” apart	Mulch lightly to regulate temperature
Establishing Roots	Fall – Early Winter	Keep soil lightly moist	Avoid waterlogging; promotes strong root growth
Leaf Growth / Early Spring	Late Winter – Early Spring	Water consistently, side-dress with nitrogen fertilizer	Encourages vigorous leaves; monitor for pests
Bulb Formation	Spring	Apply balanced fertilizer, maintain even moisture	Optional: remove scapes to improve bulb size
Mid-Season Maintenance	Spring – Early Summer	Mulch, monitor pests and diseases, occasional liquid feeding	Prevent weeds; adjust watering based on rainfall
Pre-Harvest	2–3 Weeks Before Harvest	Reduce watering, stop fertilizing	Allows bulbs to mature and dry, preventing rot
Harvest & Curing	Early – Mid Summer	Lift bulbs, cure in ventilated, dry area 2–3 weeks	After curing, trim roots and store in cool, dry conditions

Gardener’s Tips

Mulch: I use 2–3 inches of straw in Sonoma Valley to retain moisture and protect against fluctuating temperatures.
Pest Monitoring: Check for thrips and fungal spots weekly; rotate crops every 3–4 years.
Spacing Matters: Crowded plants produce smaller bulbs; maintain proper 4–6 inch spacing.

🌱 Bottom line: By following a consistent care routine from planting through harvest, you’ll enjoy robust, flavorful garlic bulbs year after year.